I see you just printed a bonchee.

The fact it won’t print below 220° makes me think it’s a problem with your hotend, and my best guess is that your nozzle is clogged. The higher temperature might be helping the extruder to squeeze a bit of filament around the clog, but not enough.

Changing the nozzle is quick and easy, and most printers come with a spare or two, so I would give that a shot before diving to deep into diagnostics.

Was the hot end pre-assembled or did you assemble it? I suspect you have a mechanical issue, but it might just be e-steps.

Suggestions:

Pull the nozzle off, measure say 110 mm of filament upstream of your extruder motor, make a line or attach a piece of tape, extruder 100mm, and see how close to 100mm you are. No nozzle means you can do this cold so you’ve eliminated 2 variables: a nozzle clog and temp. More detailed instructions

Once you get that sorted, do a PID tune and run the 100mm extrusion test again with your nozzle attached at say 230. Different number? My money would be on a partial nozzle clog.

Finally, temp tower. Not being able to extrude below 220 seems very weird. How fast are you trying to print?

I’m definitely not a printing expert but it looks like you’re under extruding, is the extruder the same size as the old one or is there some other change like that? I say this because the bottom layers look better than the higher ones, from memory cura over extrudes for the first few layers to help with bed adhesion.

What kind of printer is it?

Changed the hot end? Like just the brass nozzle tip? Or the what?

Either way if pla isn’t printing below 220 I’d start with a pid autotune. This will let you see if the hot end is actually doing what it should.

This site:

https://teachingtechyt.github.io/calibration.html

Has all the steps for tuning a printer, pid and e steps are listed. It’s worked well for me on my old Ender3 Bowden drives and many of my newer direct drive ones.

What printer do you have?

Try calibrating your E steps if you haven’t already. Hope this helps! https://3dprinterly.com/how-to-calibrate-your-extruder-e-steps-flow-rate/

My guesses are clog (99% of all extrusion problems), heater problem, wrong filament diameter or broken extruder (check for slipping and cracked arm, spring etc).

I don’t know if twerking helps, but it doesn’t hurt to try.

That looks like a clog.

Try heating up the end, then removing the filament, then cut the filament flush and push it into the end, lower the temp a bit, and yank it out. Do that a few times to try and clear the clog. You can also heat the end, remove the nozzle, and clean it.

While it’s off, try pushing through some fresh filament by hand.

You were printing with wood, so it probably has wood particles stuck in it.

I had similar printing issues with some filaments, due to heat creep. The printing would start ok on mine, but after the printer had been running awhile it would print like that. In my case heat was travelling up the hot end and Bowden tube, which was causing printing issues after a certain amount of time had passed. Some filaments were more sensitive about this than others, my cheap plain filaments and my multicolor filaments wouldn’t print well, but medium to high quality plain filaments would print fine.

There are a lot of things that can contribute to heat creep, I ended up replacing my hot end and Bowden tube, and lowered my print temperature some.

220° is pretty high, I would try to figure out why it won’t print below that temperature and see what you can do to bring that down. See if that fixes it.

Hey I just saw your update! I’m glad you’re getting better results, but like you mentioned, something is definitely still wrong. I’m still pretty convinced your nozzle is clogged, even though it’s new, and I’ll do my best to explain why!

To start, if your printer wasn’t working normally before you printed in wood, I’m totally wrong about everything below and you can stop reading here!

If your printer was working normally before you tried printing in wood though, that means the e-steps were already calibrated correctly, and they wouldn’t need to be re-calibrated after replacing the hot end. If you had replaced the extruder and it started acting this way, that would be a good reason to re-calibrate the e-steps, but replacing the hot-end shouldn’t have had an impact. After swapping an extruder, you calibrate e-steps to basically teach the printer how to extrude the correct amount of filament in the real world again since the new extruder might have different specs from the original and the printer has no way to know something has changed. A hot-end swap doesn’t necessitate recalibrating e-steps though because the extruder is the same and it’s still going to be pushing the same amount of filament through the printer.

If your nozzle is clogged and you recalibrate the e-steps, the measurements you take will be off since the printer can’t push filament through at the rate it should be able to. Your new benchy looks better than before, but that could be because higher e-steps mean the printer is now forcing more filament past the blockage by working the extruder more. It’s been calibrated to compensate for the fact it can’t push filament through fast enough, but it’s working harder to do this and it will severely limit its speed before it starts underextruding again. I’m guessing this is the reason for the 3 hour long benchy at 20mm/s? You shouldn’t need to be at 220 C to get PLA to print at 20mm/s from a 0.4mm nozzle either.

Not all nozzles or hotends are well-made or handled with care at the factory. It’s totally possible you got one that shipped with some sort of tiny unnoticeable debris inside that worked its way down into the nozzle as the filament pushed it along. I have a cheap bag of 0.4mm nozzles that have metal shavings stuck in some of them and your first benchy is exactly what my prints look like when I use one of them. If possible, I still recommend changing the nozzle before doing anything more expensive like replacing the extruder. You’ll probably need to set the e-steps back to what they were before changing them though, otherwise you’ll be extruding too much filament if the new nozzle isn’t clogged and the old one is.