I think you would call this transductive reasoning. Rather than using information to put together a theory and work off that theory you work directly off the evidence
for example hearing a bell and dinner being ready and coming to associate the bell with dinner without ever learning why the bell means dinner
found pie in the bush, there might be pie in that bush
bidmas
brackets, index (powers), division, multiplication, addition, subtraction.
brackets are always first that’s the whole point of brackets